How our catalogue groups active compounds by chemical class and subclass.
Flavonoids
Polyphenols built on a C6-C3-C6 skeleton; the largest family of plant pigments and antioxidants (flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, anthocyanins, catechins).
- Flavonoids (mixed) (50) – Extracts standardised to a total flavonoid content rather than one compound.
- Flavones (46) – Flavonoids with a C2=C3 double bond and no 3-hydroxyl group, e.g. apigenin, luteolin, baicalein, diosmin.
- Flavonols (35) – Flavonoids carrying a 3-hydroxyl group, e.g. quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin, icariin.
- Flavanones (28) – Saturated-ring flavonoids abundant in citrus, e.g. hesperidin, naringin, eriodictyol.
- Isoflavonoids (23) – Flavonoids with the B-ring on C3; phyto-oestrogens from legumes, e.g. genistein, daidzein, puerarin.
- Anthocyanins (22) – Water-soluble red, purple and blue flavonoid pigments (cyanidin, delphinidin glycosides) from berries and flowers.
- Chalcones & dihydrochalcones (13) – Open-chain flavonoid precursors, e.g. licochalcone A, xanthohumol, phloretin, aspalathin.
- Flavanonols & flavonolignans (12) – Dihydroflavonols such as taxifolin and dihydromyricetin, and flavonolignans such as silymarin and silibinin.
- Proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) (12) – Oligomers and polymers of flavan-3-ols (OPC, PAC) from grape seed, pine bark, cranberry and cocoa.
- Flavan-3-ols (catechins) (12) – Monomeric flavanols such as catechin, epicatechin and EGCG, plus tea theaflavins.
- Furanoflavonoids & rotenoids (3) –
Terpenoids
Isoprene-derived compounds: monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, iridoids and carotenoids.
- Triterpenoids & triterpene saponins (112) – C30 terpenoids and their glycosides: ginsenosides, boswellic acids, asiaticoside, ursolic acid, glycyrrhizin, bacosides.
- Sesquiterpenes & sesquiterpene lactones (42) – C15 terpenoids such as artemisinin, parthenolide, valerenic acid, bisabolol and beta-caryophyllene.
- Iridoids & secoiridoids (36) – Cyclopentane monoterpenoid glycosides: harpagoside, aucubin, catalpol, gentiopicroside, oleuropein, paeoniflorin.
- Saponins (mixed) (33) – Extracts standardised to total saponins (soap-forming glycosides) rather than one compound.
- Diterpenes & diterpene glycosides (27) – C20 terpenoids such as andrographolide, forskolin, carnosic acid, tanshinones, ginkgolides and steviol glycosides.
- Triterpene glycosides (mogrosides) (3) – Intensely sweet cucurbitane glycosides from monk fruit.
- Quassinoids (1) –
- Polyprenols (1) –
- Meroterpenes (1) –
Polyphenols
Plant compounds with multiple phenolic rings: flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, coumarins, tannins and curcuminoids.
- Polyphenols (mixed) (52) –
- Coumarins & furanocoumarins (33) – Benzopyrone phenolics, e.g. scopoletin, esculin, osthole; furanocoumarins such as bergapten and methoxsalen are photosensitising.
- Lignans & neolignans (22) – Phenylpropanoid dimers such as sesamin, SDG, schisandrins, arctigenin, honokiol and magnolol.
- Phenylethanoids & phenylpropanoid glycosides (19) – C6-C2 phenolics and their glycosides: salidroside, hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, verbascoside, echinacoside, rosavins.
- Phenolic glycosides (10) –
- Simple phenols & phenylpropenes (10) –
- Gingerols & shogaols (9) – Pungent phenolic ketones of ginger and grains of paradise (gingerols, shogaols, paradols).
- Curcuminoids (diarylheptanoids) (9) – Yellow diarylheptanoids from turmeric: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin and their reduced forms.
- Stilbenes (9) – C6-C2-C6 polyphenols such as resveratrol, pterostilbene, piceatannol and polydatin.
- Xanthones (8) – Tricyclic polyphenols such as mangiferin and alpha-mangostin.
- Phloroglucinols (5) –
- Kavalactones (styryl-pyrones) (5) – The active lactones of kava root (kavain, methysticin, yangonin).
- Depsides & other phenolics (3) –
Alkaloids
Nitrogen-containing plant bases, often potent: isoquinolines (berberine), purines (caffeine), indoles (vincamine), tropanes and others.
- Other alkaloids (42) –
- Isoquinoline alkaloids (32) – Alkaloids derived from tyrosine: berberine, palmatine, sanguinarine, tetrahydropalmatine, nuciferine.
- Indole & β-carboline alkaloids (21) – Tryptophan-derived alkaloids: vincamine, reserpine, yohimbine, harmine, evodiamine, camptothecin.
- Alkaloids (mixed) (19) –
- Purine alkaloids & nucleosides (19) – Caffeine, theobromine, theacrine and nucleosides such as adenosine and cordycepin.
- Capsaicinoids (vanilloids) (3) – Pungent amides of chilli: capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin.
- Tropane alkaloids (2) – Anticholinergic alkaloids such as atropine and scopolamine (pharmaceutical use only).
- Quinoline alkaloids (2) –
- Guanidine alkaloids (1) –
- Phenethylamine alkaloids (1) –
Volatile oil constituents
Aroma molecules of essential oils and oleoresins: monoterpenes, phenylpropanoids and aldehydes.
- Monoterpenes & aromatic volatiles (98) – C10 terpenes and aromatic volatiles such as menthol, thymol, linalool, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde and cineole.
- Sesquiterpene alcohols (3) –
Polysaccharides
Long-chain carbohydrates: bioactive beta-glucans, prebiotic fructans and dietary fibres, gums and mucilages.
- Bioactive polysaccharides & β-glucans (56) – Immunologically active glucans and glycans from mushrooms, oats, aloe and seaweed (fucoidan).
- Dietary fibres & gums (15) – Soluble and insoluble fibres: psyllium, glucomannan, guar, pectin, galactomannans.
- Fructans & prebiotic oligosaccharides (10) – Inulin, FOS and related fructose polymers that feed beneficial gut bacteria.
Phenolic acids
Simple phenolic acids: hydroxycinnamic (chlorogenic, rosmarinic, ferulic, chicoric) and hydroxybenzoic (gallic, ellagic, syringic).
- Hydroxycinnamic acids (42) – C6-C3 phenolic acids and esters such as chlorogenic, rosmarinic, ferulic, sinapic and chicoric acids.
- Hydroxybenzoic acids & derivatives (19) – C6-C1 phenolic acids such as gallic, ellagic, protocatechuic and syringic acids.
Lipids & fatty acids
Plant oils and lipid fractions: omega fatty acids, phospholipids, ceramides and fatty alcohols.
- Fatty acids (30) – Carboxylic acids of plant oils, e.g. ALA, GLA, punicic, nervonic and palmitoleic acids.
- Glycolipids & ceramides (4) –
- Fatty acid amides (4) –
- Long-chain fatty alcohols (4) –
- Phospholipids (3) – Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine from soy and sunflower.
- Unsaponifiables (2) –
Quinones
Cyclic diketones; anthraquinones (sennosides, emodin, aloin) are laxative, naphthoquinones include plumbagin, shikonin and thymoquinone.
- Anthraquinones & anthrones (28) –
- Naphthoquinones & benzoquinones (17) –
Steroids & steroidal saponins
Plant steroids: steroidal saponins (protodioscin, diosgenin), phytoecdysteroids and guggulsterones.
- Steroidal saponins & sapogenins (16) – Spirostanol/furostanol glycosides and aglycones from Tribulus, fenugreek, yam and Asparagus.
- Withanolides & plant steroids (12) –
- Phytoecdysteroids (11) – Insect-moulting-hormone analogues from plants (ecdysterone, turkesterone) used in sports nutrition.
Tannins
Astringent polyphenols that bind proteins: hydrolysable (gallotannins, ellagitannins) and condensed tannins.
- Tannins (29) – Astringent polyphenols that bind proteins: hydrolysable (gallotannins, ellagitannins) and condensed tannins.
- Hydrolysable tannins (ellagitannins) (10) – Esters of ellagic/gallic acid with sugars, e.g. punicalagins, chebulinic acid, emblicanins.
Carotenoids
Fat-soluble C40 tetraterpenoid pigments: carotenes (beta-carotene, lycopene) and xanthophylls (lutein, astaxanthin).
- Xanthophylls & apocarotenoids (23) – Oxygenated carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin) and apocarotenoids (crocin, bixin).
- Carotenes (9) – Hydrocarbon carotenoids such as beta-carotene and lycopene.
Other phytochemicals
Bioactive compounds that do not fit a single major class.
- Other bioactive phytochemicals (9) –
- Bitter principles (mixed) (8) –
- Phthalides (3) –
- Dietary nitrate (2) –
- Acetogenins (polyketides) (2) –
- Polyacetylenes (1) –
- Mushroom aromatics (1) –
- Fungal polyketides (1) –
Amino acids & peptides
Non-protein amino acids (L-theanine, L-DOPA, 5-HTP), peptides and plant proteins.
- Amino acids & peptides (17) – Non-protein amino acids (L-theanine, L-DOPA, 5-HTP), peptides and plant proteins.
- Plant proteins (7) –
- Enzyme inhibitors (2) –
Vitamins
Plant-derived vitamins (C, D, E, K and B group) supplied as whole-food concentrates.
- Vitamin C (7) –
- B vitamins (7) –
- Vitamin E (tocotrienols) (3) –
- Vitamin D (2) –
- Vitamin E (tocopherols) (2) –
- Vitamin K (1) –
Organosulfur compounds
Sulphur phytochemicals: allicin and alliin from garlic, glucosinolates and isothiocyanates (sulforaphane) from crucifers.
- Glucosinolates & isothiocyanates (14) – Crucifer compounds (glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, AITC) and indoles (I3C, DIM).
- Thiosulfinates & sulfides (3) –
Phytosterols
Plant sterols (beta-sitosterol, campesterol) and steryl ferulates (gamma-oryzanol).
- Plant sterols (16) –
Minerals
Plant-derived minerals (iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, selenium, silica) bound in botanical matrices.
- Plant-derived minerals (15) –
Organic acids
Organic and humic acids such as hydroxycitric acid (HCA), tartaric acid and fulvic acid.
- Organic & humic acids (12) –
Carbohydrates & sugar alcohols
Iminosugars (DNJ), inositols (D-chiro-inositol, pinitol) and polyols (xylitol, mannitol).
- Iminosugars & polyols (9) –
- Simple sugars & polyols (1) –
Pigments
Colour fractions: chlorophylls, phycocyanin and betalains.
Glycosides
Compounds where a sugar is bound to a non-sugar aglycone; includes cardiac glycosides (digoxin, ouabain).
- Cardiac glycosides (5) – Steroid glycosides that act on heart muscle (digoxin, digitoxin, ouabain); prescription APIs only.
Terpenophenolics
Hybrid terpene-phenolic compounds, notably cannabinoids.
- Cannabinoids (4) – Terpenophenolics of hemp (CBD, CBG, CBN); legal status varies by country.
Enzymes
Plant proteases such as bromelain and papain, specified by activity (GDU/g, USP U/mg).
- Proteolytic enzymes (3) –